ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html;charset=utf-16"> </head><body> <CENTER><b>GLOSSARY FOR THE NEW ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE</b></CENTER> <br><u>Some of these words are genuine OE words, some are neologisms, some are reconstructed old forms of placenames.</u> <br>&nbsp; <br><b>ORDINARY NOUNS</b> <br><b><i>Mandatum</i>sceattas</b> Maundy money. <br><B>acwellan on selfmorðor</b> = commit suicide <br><B>blod-oden</b> = blood-making system <br><B>byrdling</b> = tortoise <br><b>criccetmann</b> cricketer (NE "cricket" &lt; French <i>criquet</i> = "stick".) <br><b>cyleberende</b> = cold-carrying = refrigerated. <br><B>cynereaf</b> = royal robes. (The Hashemite dynasty does not use a crown) <br><B>cyrcelwyrdboc</b> = "computer speech book", i.e. internet publication. <br><b>cyrcolwyrda nearohweol</b> computer CD's. <br><b>cyrcolwyrdas</b> computers. <br><b>cyrn-</b> = nuclear (as in atom or biological cell) (compare German <i>Kern-</i>). <br><b>cyrncyððu</b> nuclear information. <br><b>cyrnmihtofen</b> nuclear reactor (compare German <i>Kern-</i>). <br><b>cyrnwæpen</b> nuclear weapons. <br><b>efntoppwægn</b> flatbed wagon <br><b>elpend</b> elephant. <br><b>eorðæppel</b> potato: compare French <i>pommes de terre</i>. <br><b>eorþes bred</b> Earth's surface. <br><b>fãr</b> sudden attack. <br><b>fadiend (m)</b> manager. <br><b>fatâwa</b> Arabic plural of <i>fatwa</i>. <br><b>feallhleo</b> = parachute (c.f. German <i>Fallschirm</i>); <b>-ian</b> makes verb. <br><b>feorrseond</b> = television set. <br><b>feorrseoung</b> = television. <br><b>fischafoc</b> = osprey. <br><B>fleogfyrd (f)</b> = airforce (lit. 'flying army') <br><B>flowende dolh</b> = running sore <br><B>folcgeweald</b> = democracy <br><B>foresittend</b> = president <br><B>foresittendcyre</b> = presidential elections <br><B>formanigsleand</b> = "many-slaying" <br><B>fyrdeað</b> = death by burning <br><b>fyrmestscealc</b> First Minister. <br><B>fyrstæf</b> = gun ("fire-stick") <br><b>ganggeteld</b> tent. <br><B>ge.ánlæcung</b> = (German) Reunification. <br><B>gecyndwita</b> = scientist <br><b>Gemánawela (m)</b> the Commonwealth. <br><B>gewægnas (pl)</b> = `together-wagons' = (railway) train <br><B>gleawere</b> = comedian <br><b>goldappelwæstm</b> orange harvest. <br><B>guðlyftscip</b> = "war-airship", i.e. warplane. <br><B>halig begong</b> = religious service <br><b>handfeorrsprecungnett</b> mobile phone network. <br><b>heahgesetl</b> foundation, basis, (army) base. <br><b>heortcoþa</b> = heart attack. <br><b>hloð</b> = troop. <br><B>horh</b> = mud. <br><b>hramma in his þrotbollan</b> spasm of the larynx. <br><b>hrúm</b> soot. <br><b>hwéolfét</b> (pl.) = undercarriage of airplane <br><B>hyrnðoðor</b> = baseball (lit. `corner-ball') <br><b>in glæse</b> in vitro. <br><b>irenweg</b> railway <br><b>irenweg-gewægnoð</b> railway traim <br><B>lacnung</b> = treatment <br><b>lagode þæt þa sceatthealdendas ne gielden þonne menn biddaþ for hira sceattum</b> froze their bank accounts. <br><B>lahwita</b> = lawyer <br><B>licsæscufa</b> = body-sea's impeller = heart (poetic) <br><B>lundlaga</b> = kidney <br><b>marc</b> mark (coin), formerly current in England. <br><b>masjid</b> mosque (Arabic word). <br><B>mándædstede</b> = crime scene <br><B>mándædwyrca</b> = criminal <br><B>mægenwerod (m)</b> = "power-band", i.e. political party. <br><B>onlicnes</b> = image <br><b>onlicnesgefengas</b> photographs. <br><B>pasca</b> = pasha (a Turkish title) <br><b>poccmaciende atorlyft</b> blister gas. <br><b>psittacus</b> parrot (Latin word). <br><b>rendraca</b> substitute. <br><b>ricend</b> regent. <br><b>rop</b> intestine. <br><b>ropena unryne</b> diarrhoea. <br><b>récsýl</b> smoke-pillars = chimneys. <br><b>sacu</b> = "a case at law". From it comes English "sake". <br><B>sceotgewer</b> (n) = `shooting gun' [neologism based on Dutch <I>geweer</I> and German <I>Gewehr</I>, from the verb <i>werian</i> 'to defend'] <br><b>scipfyrdoferseoung</b> fleet review. <br><B>scol</b> = school <br><b>scriðdraca</b> army tank (from Icelandic skriðdreki). <br><b>scúfendtwáhwéol</b> motorcycle. <br><b>searuscealcscip</b> scientific advisor. <br><B>skiðan</b> = to ski (from ON <I>skið</I>) <br><b>skiðung</b> skiing (Old Norse word). <br><b>skiðungsetl</b> ski center. <br><b>sláwend (m)</b> brake (for slowing a vehicle). <br><B>snawslidunglic</b> = liable to avalanches <br><b>spinnwind</b> tornadoes. <br><B>spæc</b> = law-case <br><B>stearcferhðlic</b> = harshly <br><B>stered fyrspere</b> = intercontinental ballistic missile (lit. `guided fire spear') <br><B>swæsendu (npl)</b> = feast <br><b>swéor</b> cousin. <br><b>sæcocc (m)</b> cockle (shellfish). <br><b>sæfyrd</b> = the Marines. <br><B>underforesittend</b> = vice-president <br><B>unforwyrht</b> = innocent <br><B>Utanlandscealc</b> = Foreign Secretary. <br><b>waqf</b> is a Muslim religious charity (Arabic word). <br><b>wealdere demunga</b> Director of Public Prosecutions. <br><B>weorcleast</b> = unemployment. <br><b>weorðende níede (pl)</b> state of emergency. <br><b>wermód</b> wormwood. <br><B>werþeodrihtum</b> = human rights <br><b>weðermearc</b> front as in weather. <br><B>wingwindend</b> = helicopter (loan-translation from original made in Greek) <br><b>wiðhwanon</b> My guess at a word for "from an opposing direction". <br><b>wiðoban</b> collarbone. <br><b>woruldrum-ellorwiht</b> space-alien. <br><B>woruldrum-fara</b> = "space traveller", i.e. astronauts. <br><B>woruldrumman</b> = "space man", i.e. astronaut. <br><b>woruldrúmbát</b> space capsule. <br><b>woruldrúmréaf</b> spacesuit. <br><b>woruldrúnscytel (m)</b> space shuttle. <br><b>wægna fyr-ele</b> petrol / gasoline. <br><b>wínscealc</b> butler. <br><b>xvm</b>, <b>xm</b> This and similar are by analogy of .iiiim. for `4000' in an Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for 457AD. <br><b>yndse (f)</b> ounce. <br><B>ánnes</b> = agreement <br><B>æmtignis</b> = space <br><B>ærendwritere</b> = journalist (lit. 'message-writer')) <br><B>þurhgong</b> = a pass through mountains. <br><B>þyrelweg</b> = tunnel. <br><B>þyrses feondes moðor</b> = giant's enemy's mother = Thor's mother = the Earth, i.e. burying them to hide them. <br><B>þæs Middaneastes animere utberstenda</b> = the Middle East's bomb disposal man (from <I>a-niman</I>) <br>&nbsp; <br><b>PLACE NAMES</b> <br><b><i>ducissa</i> Gleawceastre</b> Duchess of Gloucester. Name from Roman name `Glevum' + OE "ceaster". <br><b>Alorhæg</b> Alder Hey. <br><b>Alorhægseochus</b> Alder Hey Hospital in Liverpool (UK). <br><b>Alortun</b> Allerton (= alder farm). <br><b>Arabsæ</b> Arabian Sea. <br><b>Ard Eoin</b> Ardoyne. The name is Gaelic for "John's height". <br><b>Barrey in Fuðarnesse</b> Barrow in Furness (UK) (partly Old Norse; this etymology is proved by a c.1150AD form "Fuþþernessa"). <br><b>Basc</b> Basque. <br><b>Beal Féirste</b> Belfast (= "mouth of sandbank"). <br><b>Behtzi</b> (title of a drama) Punjabi for "dishonor". <br><b>Beornmundingahám</b> Birmingham. <br><b>Billingaham</b> Billingham. <br><b>Blæcburna</b> Blackburn (Lancs). <br><b>Boterelescastel</b> Boscastle. <br><b>Boðltun</b> Bolton in Lancashire in England. <br><b>Boðltún þara Sanda</b> Bolton le Sands. <br><b>Branocescumb</b> Branscombe in Devon (UK). Branoc is an old Celtic saint; his name may mean "Little Raven". <br><b>Bretabý in Hudrædesfelde</b> Birkby in Huddersfield (England). <br><b>Buccingahamscir</b> Buckinghamshire. <br><b>Bugganóra</b> Bognor Regis. <br><b>Byscehæg</b> Bushey (Herts). <br><b>Byxewíc</b> Beswick. The name means "box-tree dairy farm". <br><b>Bíedanfordscir</b> Bedfordshire. <br><b>Caerleof</b>Carlisle. <br><b>Cantwaraburh</b> = Canterbury (= "fort of the Kent-dwellers"). <br><b>Catric</b> Catterick (from Celtic Katuraktonion = "(place of) battle ramparts"). <br><b>Ceann Loch Éireann</b> Lochearnhead. (Gaelic for "head of the Irish lake"). <br><b>Celtanhamm</b> Cheltenham. <br><b>Ceolwulfingaholm</b> Killingholme. <br><b>Chomolungma</b> is Tibetan name for Mount Everest <br><b>Cisseceastermynstre</b> Chichester Cathedral. <br><b>Cornwealas</b> (nom.pl.) Cornwall <br><b>Craneford</b> Carnforth (= heron ford) in Lancashire (UK). <br><b>Cranleah in Suðrige</b> Cranleigh in Surrey. <br><b>Cráwbeorg</b> Crowborough in Sussex in England. <br><b>Cráwléah</b> Crawley. <br><b>Currach an Alt</b> Irish Gaelic name: Curraghinalt (= the plain of the cliff). <br><b>Cynesigingatun-cyneheall</b> Kensington Palace in London. <br><b>Cyningesholt-rís</b> Kensal Rise. <br><b>Cyningeshæþ</b> Kings Heath. <br><b>Cyningestun an Hule</b> [Kingston on] Hull <br><b>Cyrice-Cúþbeorht</b> (reversed part order due to Celtic influence?) = Kirkcudbright (in SW Scotland). <br><b>Djúrabý</b> Derby. The name is Old Norse for "animal dwelling". <br><b>Dofre</b> Dover. From Celtic <i>Dubrâs</i> = "waters" = the river Dour. <br><b>Duddaleah neah Beornmundingahame</b> Dudley near Birmingham. <br><b>Duncyrice</b> = Dunkirk (French "Dunkerque", Flemish "Duinkerke"); also Dunchurch near Rugby. <br><b>Dunnestun</b> Dunston near Lincoln. <br><b>Dydesburh</b> Didsbury (= Dyde's fort). <br><b>Dùn Beartainn</b> Scottish Gaelic name: Dumbarton (= "fort of the Britons"). <br><b>Eadwineburh</b> Edinburgh. <br><b>Ealda <i>Baille</i> (m)</b> The Old Bailey. "Bailey" here comes from old French <i>baille</i> = "outer wall of a castle". <br><b>Ealdburh</b> Oldbury. (= the old fort). <br><b>Ealdholme</b> Oldham (Lancs) in England. <br><b>Ealhmundeshám</b> Amersham. <br><b>Eastiordanum</b> Transjordan (dat.pl.) <br><B>Eastric</b> Austria (from German <I>Österreich</I> = `Eastern Kingdom') <br><b>Eastricisc</b> Austrian. <br><b>Eccandún</b> Eggington. <br><b>Elpendbánsærima</b> Ivory Coast in Africa. <br><b>Eoforwic</b> York. <br><b>Eor</b> River Aire (Yorkshire). The name came from Celtic. <br><b>Fas Lann</b> Scottish Gaelic name: Faslane (= "abode/station on enclosed land"). <br><b>Fileðetún neam Brycgstowe</b> Filton near Bristol. <br><b>Folcanstan</b> Folkestone <br><b>Fremmaleahpearrocseochus in Suðrige</b> Frimley Park Hospital in Surrey (UK). <br><b>Friðsæ</b> Pacific Ocean. <br><b>Fygelingas</b> Fylingdales. <br><b>Fæfereshám</b> Faversham in Kent. The name may mean "the smith's home". <br><b>Geanlæhtan Þeodscipas</b> (pl.) = United Nations. <br><b>Gecoppod Ác</b> Copdock. <br><b>Gem<u>æ</u>repyll</b> Marple. The name means "boundary-pool". <br><b>Gifl</b> Yeovil in Somerset. <br><b>Gifltún</b> Yeovilton. `Gifl' is a Celtic river name. <br><b>Gillingas</b> = Ealing in west London: the name means "the sons or people of Gilla". <br><b>Gipeswic</b> Ipswich. <br><b>Glascu</b> Glasgow (Scottish Gaelic name). <br><b>Gleann na h-Eaglaise</b> Gleneagles. The name is Gaelic for "the glen of the church". <br><b>Gleawceaster</b> Gloucester. <br><b>Great Hæcc</b> Great Heck near Selby. <br><b>Great Orratun neah Carleole</b> Great Orton near Carlisle. <br><b>Grimsbý</b> Grimsby <br><b>Gráfesende</b> Gravesend (= the end of the grove). <br><b>Græghrycg</b> Grayrigg. <br><b>Gyldeford</b> Guildford. <br><b>H<u>æ</u>þr<u>æ</u>w</b> Heathrow. <br><b>Hafriþveit</b> Haverthwaite (= oat clearing). <br><b>Hagustaldesham</b> Hexham. The name means "the home of the warrior". <br><b>Halas Owain</b> Halesowen (= the corners of land (owned in the 13th century by a Welsh prince named) Owain). <br><b>Hamersmiþþe</b> = Hammersmith (in west London) (the name means "smithy where hammers are made"). <br><b>Hanawiella</b> Hanwell. <br><b>Haukss<u>æ</u>tr</b> Hawkshead (= Hawk's summer pasture) <br><B>Hearg</b> = Harrow. (There may have been a heathen temple on the hill there, whence the name.) <br><b>Heargdún </b>Harrowdown Hill in Oxfordshire. <br><b>Helmesléah</b> Helmsley. <br><b>Helprícingaham</b> Helpringham. <br><b>Helvetia</b> Latin name of Switzerland. Or would "Swíteraland" be suitable here? <br><b>Hjapfjall</b> Shap Fell <br><b>Hlaford <i>Cancellarius</i></b> Lord Chancellor. <br><b>Hlynnmuða</b> Lynmouth. <br><b>Hlæwum</b> (dat.pl.) Lewes in Sussex in England. The name means "the Mounds". <br><b>Hlóðvéstoft</b> Lowestoft (Old Norse name). <br><b>Hnaki-tún</b> Nacton, Hintlesham. <br><b>Hnoctun</b> Nocton near Lincoln. <br><b>Holegnwuduhyllas</b> Hollywood Hills <br><b>Holtún</b> Holton. <br><b>Hornléah</b> Horley. <br><b>Hundeshlæw</b> Hounslow <br><b>Hwitearn</b> = Whithorn (in SW Scotland). <br><b>Hygebaldesstow</b> Hibaldstow. <br><b>Hyleford</b> Ilford. <br><b>Hynteleshám</b> Hintlesham. <br><b>Hæþdune on þæm Wealle</b> Heddon on the Wall (Northumberland (UK)). The wall is Hadrian's. <br><b>Hæþfelde</b> Hatfield. <br><b>Híd</b> Hyde in Greater Manchester (UK). The name means "a hide of land". <br><b>Hóhtún neah Blæcburnan in Lonceasterscire</b> Hoghton near Blackburn in Lancashire in England. <br><b>Inbhair Nis</b> Inverness. <br><b>Khâlifascip</b> caliphate (partly Arabic). <br><b>Khâlifat ul Masîh</b> (Arabic) caliph (of the Ahmadi sect). <br><b>Kirkjuvág</b> Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands; the name is Old Norse for "Church Bay". <br><b>Konungstún</b> Coniston village in the Lake District. <br><b>Konungstúnlacu</b> Lake Coniston in the Lake District. <br><b>Lacingahýð</b> Lakenheath. The name means "the landing-place of those who dwell by streams". <br><b>Legeceaster-deortun</b> = Chester Zoo. <br><b>Legeceaster</b> Chester. <br><b>Liferpól</b> = Liverpool. The name means "liver pool", where "liver" described the consistency of the ground. Liverpool started as a fishing village by a tidal creek, which was later made into the Old Dock, which has since been filled in. <br><b>Lincoln</b> Lincoln. <br><b>Loidis</b> Leeds (Yorkshire). The name is of Celtic origin. <br><b>Lonceaster</b> Lancaster. <br><b>Lygetun</b> Luton. <br><b>Lysarð</b> The Lizard. `lys ardh' is Cornish for "court [on a] height". <br><b>Léofantún</b> Levington. <br><b>Léofatun</b> Luton. <br><b>Mameceaster</b> Manchester. <br><b>Maol Chinn Tíre</b> Mull of Kintyre <br><b>Medeshamstede</b> Peterborough. <br><b>Merecewudu</b> Marchwood (= wild-cherry wood). <br><b>Mollesléah</b> Moseley. <br><b>Moskva</b> (Russian name of) Moscow. <br><b>Mæneburh</b> Membury. <br><b>Mæresea</b> the river Mersey (the name means "Border River"). <br><b>Mórdún</b> Morden. The name means "moor hill". <br><b>Na Speirin</b> Irish Gaelic name: Sperrin (= the spurs of rock). <br><b>Niw Hamtunscir</b> New Hampshire. <br><b>Niwsæland</b> New Zealand. <br><b>Norþweg</b> Norway. <br><b>Norþwic</b> Norwich. <br><b>Nowent</b> Newent (Domesday Book "Noent", from a Celtic form = "new place"). <br><b>Néosdún</b> Neasden. The name means "nose[-shaped] hill". <br><b>Offatune þara Neyrnut</b> Ufton Nervet. <br><b>Ollaþorppearroc</b> Althorp Park. <br><B>Oslefeld</b> = Field of Blackbirds = (translation of) Kosovo Polje. <br><b>Oxenaholm</b>, Oxenholme. <br><b>Paddingatun</b> Paddington. <br><b>Peterburh</b> Peterborough. <br><b>Plymmuða</b> Plymouth <br><b>Preosttun</b> Preston in Lancashire. <br><b>Puttanhýðe</b> Putney (UK). <br><b>Péachám</b> Peckham in south London (= "peak home"). <br><b>Rammtún</b> Rampton (Notts). The name means "ram farmstead". <br><b>Readingas</b> Reading. <br><b>Ripel</b> River Ribble. <br><b>Rótaland</b> = Rutland. <br><b>S<u>æ</u>ghám</b> Soham (Cambs.). The name means "swampy-pool homestead". <br><b>Sadolworþmór</b> Saddleworth Moor. <br><b>Sancti Albani stow</b> St.Albans (Hertfordshire). <br><b>Sancti Eadmundes Burh</b> Bury St.Edmunds. <br><b>Sancti Petri burh</b> Peterborough. <br><b>Sandbæc</b> Sandbach <br><b>Sanddéorsigingahám</b> Sandringham in Norfolk. The name means "sandy area belonging to Dersingham". <br><b>Sceapieg</b> Isle of Sheppey. <br><b>Scrobbesburh</b> Shrewsbury. <br><b>Scéaþfeld</b> Sheffield. <br><b>Searuburh</b> Salisbury. <br><b>Seljabý</b> Selby. <br><b>Seolesieg</b> Selsey. <br><b>Seolfordæl</b> Silverdale in Lancashire (UK). <br><b>Setl</b> Settle. <br><b>Sigariðerg</b> Sizergh (= Sigarið's summer pasture). <br><B>Sigelhearwa</b> = Ethiopians <br><b>Skarðaborg</b> Scarborough. The name is Old Norse for "Skarði's fort". <br><b>Slioford</b> Sleaford. <br><b>Slóh</b> = Slough (Berks). The name means "marshy or muddy place". <br><b>Smeoðawic</b> Smethwick (= the settlement of the smiths). <br><b>Stoccwiella</b> Stockwell. <br><b>Stoctúnhæþ in Weringtúne in Legeceasterscire</b> Stockton Heath in Warrington (= "Wier Farm") in Cheshire. <br><b>Stánhláw</b> Stanlow in Cheshire. (The name means "stone mound"; Stanlow Point is a small low rise where there was an abbey once.) <br><b>Suðfolc</b> Suffolk. <br><b>Suðhamtun</b> Southampton. <br><b>Suþende</b> Southend. <br><b>Sweoland</b> Sweden. <br><b>Súþhalh</b> Southall. The name means "southern nook of land". <br><b>Súþtún under Hwítstánclife</b> Sutton under Whitestonecliff. <br><b>Tang</b> Tong. <br><b>Tiba-ieg</b> Tebay <br><b>Tibbingatun neah Beornmundingahame</b> Tipton near Birmingham (UK). <br><b>Tilaford</b> Tilford in Surrey. <br><b>Tottam<u>æ</u>redene</b> Todmorden. <br><b>Trymmaléah Sancti Martini</b> Trimley St.Martin <br><b>Tæbbanleah</b> Tabley. <br><b>Tír Eoghain</b> Irish Gaelic name: Tyrone (= the land of Eoghan). <br><b>Túnbrycg</b> Tonbridge in Kent. <br><b>Venezia</b> Venice (Italian form of name). <br><b>Vinundar-mere</b> Windermere (in the Lake District in England). <br><b>Wacufeld</b> Wakefield (Yorkshire). The name means "festival field". <br><b>Weogorenaceaster)</b>Worcester. The Weogoran people lived in the area, and their name may come from a Celtic word meaning "winding river". <br><b>West-Ánstíg</b> West Anstey in Devon. <br><b>Westiordanum</b> the West Bank (Palestine) (dat.pl.) <br><b>Wiellacumb</b>Wollacombe (in north Devon). <br><b>Wiellesdune</b> Willesden. <br><b>Wien</b> [German name] <b>in Eastrice</b> Vienna in Austria. <br><b>Wiltúnscir</b> Wiltshire. <br><B>Windelesóra</b> = Windsor. (The name seems to mean "Windlass Bank"). <br><b>Wixabrycg</b> Uxbridge. <br><b>Wuttucesh<u>æ</u>ddre</b> Uttoxeter. (= Wuttuc's heath) <br><b>Wyrmholtscrubbas</b> Wormwood Scrubbs. The name means "snake-infested wood", and later someone added "wood" again: compare the place name Beechhurst Holt Wood. <br><b>Wéstennrættas</b> Desert Rats. <br><b>Wíðigensceaga</b> Wythenshawe (= small willow wood). <br><b>Ántréow</b> Aintree. The name means "[place with] one tree". <br><b>Æglesburh</b> Aylesbury. <br><b>Ællesæcer</b> Alsager (Cheshire (UK)). <br><b>Æppuldorleahbrycg</b> Apperley Bridge. The name means "apple(tree) meadow". <br><b>Æscscearu</b> Esher (Surrey). <br><b>Æsctun under Lyme</b> Ashton-under-Lyne. "Lyme" is probably Celtic for "the elms". <br><b>Élgé</b> Ely. The name means "eel region". <br><b>Þelu</b> Theale (pl. = "planks"). <br><b>Þorp þara de-Catt in Ligoraceasterscire</b> Catthorpe in Leicestershire(= Thorpe which in Norman times was owned by the de Catt family) </body></html>